Articulating Learning Outcomes for Faculty Development Workshops
By Jack P. Macfarlane, EdD
The use of student learning outcomes (SLOs) is commonplace at regionally accredited colleges and universities in the United States. I have been working with SLOs in one form or another for the past decade, even before they became fashionable. Many years ago, while I was an instructor in the US Navy, SLOs were called Terminal Objectives. After the service, I taught GED classes and at that time SLOs were referred to as Learning Goals.
Regardless of the latest trendy technical name, SLOs are clear statements that describe the new skills students should be able to demonstrate as a result of a learning event such as a college course (Ewell, 2001). Whether teaching online, on-ground, or via a blended environment, the importance of defining the intended outcomes, before instruction takes place, cannot be overstated because SLOs identify fundamental and measurable student skills, help outline needed curricular content, and define appropriate assessment.
This article, however, is not about the SLOs we use in our classrooms as we are all very likely already acquainted with this process; it is instead about employing similar outcomes-based tactics in the practical development, facilitation, and assessment of faculty development. As much as our students need effective instruction, faculty members need high-quality training as well. From federal compliance topics such as FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) to instructional strategies related to classroom management, active learning, and technology, to name just a few, there is no shortage of competencies faculty need to develop in order to function well in any learning environment.
Driscoll and Wood (2007) defined the key features of learner-centered, outcomes-based instruction as follows:
- Faculty clearly communicate the intended outcomes of each lesson in advance
- The stated outcomes are accessible and made public
- Students have clear expectations and understand the purpose of the instruction
- Students' progress is determined by the achievement of learning outcomes
- Assessment results are analyzed and used to improve curricula and align instruction
How far of a conceptual leap would it be to apply these same features to
our own development as faculty members? As an instructor, I would
certainly appreciate it if (a) the intended outcomes of my own training
were communicated in advance; (b) if the outcomes of my training were
accessible; (c) if I had clear expectations and understood the purpose
of my training; (d) if my progress as an instructor was determined by
the achievement of clear training outcomes; and especially (e) if the
assessment results of my own training was analyzed and used to improve
future training. Take a moment to answer the following questions as you
reflect on past training sessions you attended:
- How was the training announced? Were the expected outcomes of the training communicated in advance or was it via an email that read something to the effect of, "let's get together and chat about FERPA"?
- How was the training presented? Were the training outcomes listed on PowerPoint slides? If not, were they explained verbally? A well-defined outcome for FERPA training would be for example, "By the end of this training you will be able to apply FERPA policy to determine when and when not to disclose student information." Was the training engaging, relevant, and current? Did you have any input in its content?
- How were the skills you gained during training later assessed? Through classroom observations that focused particular attention on the application of the new skills? A quiz a few weeks after the training? By reviewing students' related comments on end-of-course critiques?
If the workshop was announced vaguely, presented poorly and without
enthusiasm, and the skills you supposedly gained by attending were not
important enough to be assessed later, then why hold the workshop in the
first place?
Not only does it make perfect andragogical sense to compose faculty training using SLO principles, but it also helps model SLO usage and the learner-centered approaches we are supposed to be implementing in our classrooms. As Barbara Daley (2003) concluded, "the hope is that as teachers experience learner-centered classrooms in their own professional development they will in turn develop more learner-centered classrooms with their students" (p. 29). Let us profit from all of the instructional research of the past 50 years by insisting that an outcomes-based instructional approach be used in our own professional development.
References
Daley, B. J. (2003). A case for learner-centered teaching and learning. In K. P. King & P. A. Lawler (Eds.) New Perspectives on Designing and Implementing Professional Development of Teachers of Adults. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 98, 23-30. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Driscoll, A., & Wood, S. (2007). Developing outcomes-based assessment for learner-centered education: A faculty introduction. Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Ewell, P. (2001). Accreditation and student learning outcomes: A proposed point of departure. Washington, DC: Council for Higher Education Accreditation.
* Jack P. Macfarlane, EdD is the director of the Aviation Maintenance Campus of San Joaquin Valley College in Fresno, CA.
Not only does it make perfect andragogical sense to compose faculty training using SLO principles, but it also helps model SLO usage and the learner-centered approaches we are supposed to be implementing in our classrooms. As Barbara Daley (2003) concluded, "the hope is that as teachers experience learner-centered classrooms in their own professional development they will in turn develop more learner-centered classrooms with their students" (p. 29). Let us profit from all of the instructional research of the past 50 years by insisting that an outcomes-based instructional approach be used in our own professional development.
References
Daley, B. J. (2003). A case for learner-centered teaching and learning. In K. P. King & P. A. Lawler (Eds.) New Perspectives on Designing and Implementing Professional Development of Teachers of Adults. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 98, 23-30. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Driscoll, A., & Wood, S. (2007). Developing outcomes-based assessment for learner-centered education: A faculty introduction. Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Ewell, P. (2001). Accreditation and student learning outcomes: A proposed point of departure. Washington, DC: Council for Higher Education Accreditation.
* Jack P. Macfarlane, EdD is the director of the Aviation Maintenance Campus of San Joaquin Valley College in Fresno, CA.
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